EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRANSPARENCY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUSTICE AND CARBON REDUCTION: A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study explores the pivotal role of judicial effectiveness and access to information in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across countries. Utilizing cross-country panel data and employing both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research examines how robust judicial systems and transparency mechanisms impact environmental outcomes. Findings indicate that judicial effectiveness significantly curbs GHG emissions by ensuring the enforcement of environmental regulations, while access to information enhances this effect by promoting accountability and public engagement. The analysis also identifies economic growth, population expansion, and trade as major contributors to emissions, whereas innovation acts as a mitigating factor. These results highlight the importance of reinforcing legal frameworks, improving transparency, and fostering innovation to achieve climate objectives. The study provides actionable policy insights for strengthening judicial institutions and enhancing access to information, enabling countries to implement climate policies more effectively and reduce their environmental footprint.